Flystrike (myiasis) is an extremely painful and serious disease in rabbits caused by flies that lay their eggs on rabbits’ body and whose larvae can eat their way through the bodies of the affected animals. The disease occurs particularly in the warm summer months, as rabbits are often exposed to flies during this time. If left untreated, myiasis can lead to the death of the affected animals. The disease is closely related to poor hygiene and existing health problems and primarily affects rabbits in outdoor keeping.

Myiasis is caused by different types of flies, the flies are attracted by the smell of open wounds, feces and urine, as well as warm, humid areas, usually around the anal area when it is contaminated with feces, which can be caused by diarrhea. The flies lay their eggs (each fly can lay up to 200 eggs) and the larvae can hatch within a few hours. The larvae or maggots feed on the animal’s skin.

Within 24 hours they can penetrate the skin and eat through muscles and other tissues of the rabbit. 

As the maggots develop and make their way through the rabbit's body, they cause great pain for the affected animal.

Visible signs are the eggs or the whitish-yellowish maggots. Changes in the behavior of infected rabbits are another possible sign. Rabbits also often refuse to eat because of the pain caused by the flystrike.

Other signs in rabbits are:

• grinding of teeth
• animals appear apathetic/lethargic
• hiding in corners of the enclosure

Immediately see a veterinarian if you notice any eggs or maggots on your rabbit. If necessary, the vet will sedate your rabbit, shave the affected areas, and remove as many eggs and maggots as possible. The vet will also cut out damaged tissue and treat the wounds. Your rabbit will need pain medication and may need antibiotics to prevent secondary infection.